Fat JAR

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A fat-jar (or uber-jar) archive is a normal jar file single archive packing all the dependencies together so it can be run a standalone application directly using Java:

java -jar yourapplication.jar

This is the preferred way for running it in a container like docker, when deploying to heroku or when being reverse-proxied with nginx.

Gradle

When using Gradle, you can use the shadow gradle plugin to generate it. For example, to generate a fat JAR using netty as an engine:

build.gradle
build.gradle.kts

build.gradle

buildscript {
    repositories {
        jcenter()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins:shadow:2.0.4'
    }
}

apply plugin: 'com.github.johnrengelman.shadow'
apply plugin: 'kotlin'
apply plugin: 'application'

//mainClassName = 'io.ktor.server.netty.DevelopmentEngine' // For versions < 1.0.0-beta-3
mainClassName = 'io.ktor.server.netty.EngineMain' // Starting with 1.0.0-beta-3

// This task will generate your fat JAR and put it in the ./build/libs/ directory
shadowJar {
    manifest {
        attributes 'Main-Class': mainClassName
    }
}

build.gradle.kts

plugins {
    application
    kotlin("jvm") version "1.3.21"
    // Shadow 5.0.0 requires Gradle 5+. Check the shadow plugin manual if you're using an older version of Gradle.
    id("com.github.johnrengelman.shadow") version "5.0.0"
}

application {
    mainClassName = "io.ktor.server.netty.EngineMain"
}

tasks.withType<Jar> {
    manifest {
        attributes(
            mapOf(
                "Main-Class" to application.mainClassName
            )
        )
    }
}

Maven

When using Maven, you can generate a fat JAR archive with the maven-assembly-plugin. For example, to generate a fat JAR using netty as an engine:

pom.xml

pom.xml

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.1.0</version>
    <configuration>
        <descriptorRefs>
            <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
        </descriptorRefs>
        <archive>
            <manifest>
                <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                <mainClass>io.ktor.server.netty.EngineMain</mainClass>
            </manifest>
        </archive>
    </configuration>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>assemble-all</id>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>single</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>